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Our commonly used indoor and outdoor wall materials include extruded board, rock wool board, foam board, etc. There are many reasons for insulating walls: thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire protection. For tropical regions, there is little rainfall and it doesn't really get too cold. Therefore, although most insulation materials are for keeping comfortable in winter, our insulation materials are for keeping cool in summer, and reducing the noise of airplanes overhead as well as sounds from nearby rooms.
All insulation has an R-value, which is a measure of the barrier's ability to resist the flow of heat conduction. The higher the R-value, the better the insulation effect to keep cold air and hot air out (or vice versa). Usually, to get a very good R-value, insulation material needs to be very thick, otherwise it will be expensive like spray foam insulation. The insulation material I use is in a position that is efficient and not expensive, and it is exactly the R-value we require.
Sound insulation: For internal walls, we choose to add sound insulation material. This is not really necessary, but, hey, when the walls are open, it's time to do it. We also thought it would be smart to reduce noise between the kitchen and bathroom, because the toilet is actually on the other side of the stove.
Before filling the wall cavities with insulation material, I walked around with expanding foam to fill gaps on the outside, attic or crawl space. Openings such as gaps under windows or next to pipes are culprits for heat transfer, so I filled them with some foam that sprays out like very sticky mousse, then grows and hardens into a hard mushroom shape.
Most expanding foam is labeled "gaps and cracks", and you guessed it, it fills gaps and cracks. But they also prevent fire from spreading, so this is called "fireproof" foam. It does the same thing as gaps and cracks, but it can block fire. I always choose fire safety, so I use fireproof everywhere. I don't even know why you would bother using the ordinary stuff. Different wall materials have different functions, for example extruded board is commonly used for external walls and floor heating, while rock wool board is mostly used in places with high fire rating requirements.
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