A basement is one or more underground floors. In building construction, a layer of waterproofing will be designed for the external walls of the basement during design, because it is easy to accumulate water during the rainy season, which will cause water to invade the wall, thereby leading to wall damage. Therefore, basement waterproofing is a very important construction step.
The basement waterproof layer, like other processes, needs strict protection, because for decorative materials, damage affects aesthetics, but if there is a problem with the waterproof layer, it will directly affect the entire wall, and even require a lot of effort to deal with water seepage problems. To protect the waterproof layer, from the earlier brick protection to the current use of polystyrene board protection, it can be said that there has been great progress.
From the entire development history, the order is as follows: brick wall protection, surface sand ash layer protection, asphalt felt protection, and later extruded boards. We can talk about the pros and cons from its entire development history. First, the first is brick wall protection. This can be viewed from two aspects: one is its cost, and the other is the construction period. The brick wall is built against the waterproof layer, then at least a 12-wall is needed. And this wall, from the current perspective, costs about 100 per square meter. In this regard, just looking at the cost, it does not meet the use. It's just that there was no corresponding treatment method a long time ago, so this was chosen for construction.
The second method is wall plastering mortar layer. This method is actually not much different from the bricklaying method. First, bricklaying and plastering both belong to rigid protection. If mechanical backfilling is used, it can be said that the waterproof layer can be easily broken. Of course, in terms of cost, it is indeed much lower than bricklaying, at least no need to move bricks. But how thick does it need to be to protect the waterproof layer? Also, after plastering, will the wall fall off and crack? Overall, this method works, but it is not particularly ideal.
The third method is using asphalt felt protection. This protection method, although more flexible than concrete protection, is equivalent to adding a layer of waterproof layer on top of the waterproof layer. Let's not talk about the waterproof effect of asphalt first, but its two points of puncture resistance and impact resistance may have problems. Therefore, it is not a particularly good method either.
The above three methods are all waterproof layer protection methods adopted in earlier building construction. They can be used, but considerable care is needed during earthwork backfilling.
The fourth method is using extruded board protection backfilling. No matter who proposed this method, it indeed solved an engineering technical problem. First, the thickness of the extruded board used for backfilling is 5CM, and the compressive strength of the extruded board itself can be greater than 150MPA, which means it can withstand hundreds of tons of pressure per square meter. But because its surface and the waterproof layer are in soft contact, it will not cause damage to the waterproof layer.
Overall, among the above methods, only extruded boards can meet their use requirements. Protecting the waterproof layer means good protection for the entire building foundation. The development of architecture depends on the innovation of construction technology time and again. When we create a good project, we also let its technology develop correspondingly.
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